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Smoke-free Policies Improve Workers’ Health

The evidence shows that implementing smoke-free policies has immediate benefits on restaurant and bar workers’ health.

The percentage of hospitality workers exposed to secondhand smoke declined from 91 percent to 14 percent one year after New York’s smoke-free law went into effect. The amount of time that hospitality workers were exposed to secondhand smoke on the job decreased 98 percent (12.1 hours to 0.2 hours. (1)

Restricting or banning public smoking reduces nicotine concentration levels in office and non-office worksites. (2)

Cotinine concentrations among New York City hospitality workers decreased significantly (from 4.7 ng/ml to 0.8 ng/ml) one year after the city went smoke-free. In addition, reports of one or more sensory symptoms (eyes, nose, throat) declined from 88 percent to 38 percent one year after the smoking ban. (3)

78 percent of bartenders with prior sensory irritation symptoms (eye, nose, or throat irritation) reported no symptoms approximately one month after California’s bars were required to go smoke-free. 59 percent with prior respiratory symptoms (wheezing, dyspnea, cough, and phlegm production) reported no symptoms within a month after California’s bars were required to go smoke-free. Pulmonary function also improved after smoking was prohibited in bars. (4)

More importantly, smoking policies may reduce workers’ long-term risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. (5), (6), (7) , (8), (9)
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(1) Farrelly, M.C., Nonnemaker, J.M., Chou, R., Hyland, A., Peterson, K.K., and Bauer, U.E. (2005). Changes in Hospitality Workers’ Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Following the Implementation of New York’s Smoke-Free Law. Tobacco Control 14:236-241.

(2) Hammond, et al. (1995).

(3) Farrelly et al. (2005).

(4) Eisner, et al. (1998).

(5) National Cancer Institute (NCI) (1999). Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke: The Report of the California Environmental Protection Agency. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 10. Bethesda, MD: NCI.

(6) Sargent, R.P., Shepard, R.M., Glantz, S.A. (2004). Reduced incidence of admissions for myocardial infarction associated with public smoking ban: before and after study. British Medical Journal 328: 977-980.

(7) Bartecchi, C., Alsever, R.N., Nevin-Woods, C., Thomas, W.M., Estacio, R.O., Bucher-Bartelson, B., and Krantz, M.J. (2005, November 14). A Reduction in the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated with a Citywide Smoking Ordinance. Paper presented at the 2005 American Heart Association Scientific Session.

(8) Stefanadis, C., Vlachopoulos, C., Tsiamis, E., Diamantopoulos, L., Toutouzas, K., Giatrakos, N., et al. (1998). Unfavorable Effects of Passive Smoking on Aortic Function in Men. Annals of Internal Medicine 128 (6): 426-434.

(9) Davis, R.M. (1998). Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Identifying and Protecting Those at Risk. JAMA 280(22): 1947-1949.

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